Method of



I 2 Sheets-#Sheet l.

Patented Dec. 14, 1858.

C. PEPPER.v

Gas Stove 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented Dec. t4, 1858.

C. PEPPER.

Gas Stove.

" No.` 22,331.V

/A/l/f/Vra N4 PETERS, Phulwlimgnpber, wnhingtnn. D C.

UNITED STATES PATENT GFFICE.

CALVIN PEPPER, OF ALBANY, NEIV YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF AND JOHN G.TREAD\VIQ`LL, OF SAME PLACE.

METHOD 0F APPLYING GAS FOR HEATING AND ILLUMINATING PURPOSES.

Specification of Letters Patent No. 22,331, dated December 14, 1858.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CALVIN PEPPER, of Albany, in the State of New York,have invented a certain new and useful Improvement in the Method ofApplying Gas for Heating and Illuminating Purposes; and I do herebydeclare that the following is a full, clear, and exact descriptionthereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in whichFigure 1 is a vertical section of a stove for heating and illulninatingpurposes, and Fig. 2 a horizontal section thereof taken at the line A,aof Fig. l. Fig. 3 is an elevation and Fig. 4 a vertical section of astove for heating Ventilating and illuminating railroad cars, and Fig. 5is a vertical section of a modification of my improved method of heatingand illuminating.

The same letters indicate like parts in all the gures.

My invention consists in passing coal gas, or other inflammable gas,alone or in admixture with atmospheric air through a mass of sand andintlaming it at the surface where it issues from the mass. By this meansthe gas is greatly diffused for heating purposes, the slight intersticesbetween the particles composing the mass of sand presenting amultiplicity of minute burners which can be spread over a much greaterextent of surface, in proportion to the quantity of gas that issuestherefrom than could be obtained by any other known means, thecombustion of the gas at the surface heats the granular mass whichbecomes a reservoir of heat, that in turn heats the gas passing throughit so that it will be in a better condition to be ignited for heatingand illuminating purposes, and while a portion of the gas is thus burnedat the surface of the mass of sand for heating purposes, anotherportion, if desired, can be drawn from the sand for the purposes ofillumination.

In the accompanying drawings (A.) represents the chamber which receivesthe gas by an ordinary gas pipe B, provided with a stop cock (C.) eitherfrom a gas main or from a local gasometer (Q.) loaded at in the usualmanner for supplying the gas under pressure. This chamber is separatedfrom the other part of the stove by a stratum of sand (F) placed on adiaphragm E of fine wire gauze, the meshes of which should besufficiently tine to prevent the passage of the grains of sand. Thechamber H above is the chamber of combustion and may be of any formdesired and suited to the intended purpose. In the examples given forheating a room or a railroad car it should present a large extent ofheating surface and in addition, the heating surface may be extended byvertical tubes (D.) extending from the bottom to the top and thencepassing through the gas chamber, the stratum of sand and the chamber ofcombustion. The air of the apartment enters at the bottom and isdischarged at the top into the same or may be conducted to any otherapartment after having been heated in its passage. If desired adiaphragm or plate (J.) may divide the upper chamber H into twocompartments, in which case the -upper compartment may be used forbaking or other like purposes.

For heating cars I prefer the modification represented in Figs. 8 and4f. in which L represents a water chamber below the gas chamber. thelower ends of the tubes D communicating with the said chamber above thesurface of the water, and their upper ends communicating with thechamber above the plate (J The space above the said plate is dividedinto two compartments (N.) and (0.). Atmospheric air taken from abovethe car through a pipe P, by the motion of the train is forced down intothe compartment (N), thence passes down a portion of the tubes D, intothe water chamber, where it is deprived of dust and smoke, and then itrises through the other tubes D, into the other compartment (O.) fromwhich it escapes into the car through apertures (p.) after having beenheated in its passage through the series of tubes.

The gas pipe B, I prefer to branch in various directions as at (b, b,1),) Iiig. 2, the upper surface being pierced with numerous small holesfor the escape of and the better to diffuse the gas under the stratum ofsand.

Air is supplied to the gas chamber through the bottom by apertures orsmall tubes (c), which air mingling with the gas,

and becoming heated with the gas in passing through the stratum of sandis thereby rendered a better supporter of combustion than if suppliedseparately and in the cold state to the flame, but nevertheless thechamber of combustion must be provided, in the manner represented, or inany other suitable manner with apertures for the admission ofatmospheric air. And although the apparatus above described can be usedin an apartment Withouta chimney, for the same reason that the sameAquantity of gas can be consumed in an apartment for the purposes ofillumination, yet I prefer to connect the chamber of combustion in anysuitable manner with a chimney to carry 0H the noxious gases resultingfrom the combustion.

Just above the central portion of the stratum of sand I place a hollowcone, or inverted funned (f,) with a gas burner or burners at or nearthe apex. A portion of the gas which passes through the stratum ofheated sand, with or Without atmospheric air, in escaping above from thesand is caught by the inverted funnel and by it concentrated so t-hat itWill burn with a bright flame for the purposes of illumination, the heatevolved being taken up by the apparatus for the purposes of heating.

I propose as a modification of the mode of applying my said invention toinvert the arrangement above described as represented in Fig. 5, of theaccompanying drawings, in which L, represents the chamber of combustion,in this case below the stratum of sand F, and the gas accumulates in thechamber above the sand, the air tubes D being arranged as in Figs. l and2. The pipe B in this case is placed inside the stratum of sand with theapertures for the discharge of gas in the under surface. The gas for thepurposes of illumination can be taken either from the inside of thestratum of sand byan inverted funnel f with a pipe leading from the apexto the burner outside, or it may be taken to the burners by separatepipes (S, S,) from the chamber H in which it accumulates after filteringthrough the stratum of heated sand.

In either of the modes of application described or in any analogousmode, the gas after filtering through the sand issues to the surface andbeing ignited burns with a bluish flame producing a sheet of such 'llameover the entire surface of the stratum, which in a short time heats thesand to a high temperature, which thus becomes a reservoir of caloric,that is thence transmitted by conduction and radiation to the entirestructure for heating purposes and at the same time forming a heatingmedium for heating the gas to a high temperature as it passes throughthe interstices to the surface Where it is ignited, and also in likemanner heating the supporter of combustion if mingled with the gasbefore passing through the stratum. And the gas thus supplied is notonly in a better condition for ignition at the surface of the stratum ofsand for the purposes of heating but that Which is not so consumed is ina much better condition for illumination than if ignited as it issuesdirectly from a gas pipe through a burner in the usual way. And althoughI have above described the only modes in which I have applied my saidinvention, or in which I have contem` plated its application, I do notWish to be understood as limiting my invention to such modes ofapplication, as other modes will be thereby suggested to persons skilledin this branch of the arts.

I do not claim to be the first inventor-of a porous gas burner, as I amaware that erick C. Krause, and by some other substances other thansilicious sand, and I do .not claim the burning of gas in such Wayexcept through silicious sand in a state of. division, and I do notclaim to be the inventor of passing gas through sand for the purpose ofpurifying the gas; and I make no cla-im for burning gas for illuminatingpurposes only, after having passed through the sand and separate fromthe sand, and I make not claim in this application for the use of gas orsand in a separate state, and I make no claim for the Ventilatingarrangement described, or for the admixture of gas and atmospheric airbefore burning.

That I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent is-Passing coal or other inflammable gas alone or in admixture withatmospheric air through a stratum or mass of silicious sand Withoutaggregation of particles to be inflamed at the surface substantially asdescribed for heating purposes, and also vfor illumination, as incidentthereto, as described.

CALVIN PEPPER. Witnesses:

BARTH. J. HACKETT, M. LA FAYETTE NORTON.

